Meteorology

#1. On a clear hot summer afternoon near to the sea, you would expect:

the air over the sea to rise due to reflective heating and cause a breeze to blow from the land toward the sea

the land to heat up more than the water and cause air to flow from the land to the sea

the air over the sea to heat up and move in underthe cold air over the land

the air over the land to heat up more quickly than the air over the sea; to rise and allow cold air to flow in from over the sea

#2. From the following cloud types, the one from which heavy rain would most likely be falling and reaching the ground is:

stratocumulus

nimbostratus

cirrostratus

cirrocumulus

#3. Identify this type of Ice

Rime Ice: This is formed when relatively large super-cooled water drops at temperatures between 0°C and about -15°C are struck by an aircraft

Rime Ice: This is formed when super-cooled water drops at temperatures below -15°C are struck by an aircraft

Clear Ice: This is formed when relatively large super-cooled water drops at temperatures between 0°C and about -15°C are struck by an aircraft

Clear Ice: This is formed when super-cooled water drops at temperatures below -15°C are struck by an aircraft

#4. The airfield you are approaching is affected by a sea breeze whereas the prevailing wind is off-shore. As you descend through the horizontal boundary between the prevailing wind and the sea breeze you will experience

A gust front and moderate to severe turbulence

Wind convergence and light to moderate turbulence

Wind shear and turbulence

A rapid decrease in wind strength and light turbulence

#5. The maximum amount of water vapour that can be held by an air mass is determined by the:

dew point

density

humidity

temperature

#6. Super-saturation means

Delay in the condensation process due to lack of condensation nuclei

Premature occurrence of the condensation process due to over-abundance of condensation nuclei

Greater quantity of liquid water than the air should be able to hold at its present temperature

Saturation occurring at a temperature higher than the dew point

#7. What is the cause of a katabatic wind and what are its predominant characteristics?

Cooling of air by cold mountain slopes, the wind is down-hill and normally strong and turbulent

Warming of air by mountain slopes, the wind is up-hill and normally light and smooth

Cooling of air by cold valley floors, the wind is normally light but can be turbulent

Cooling of air by cold mountain slopes, the wind is down-hill, normally light and smooth

#8. The wind at 1200 ft agl is 30 kt and at 1000 ft agl it is 10 kt. As an aircraft descends through the affected layer it will experience:

Horizontal wind shear, airspeed and rate of descent will reduce and the angle of descent will steepen

Vertical wind shear, airspeed will reduce but rate of descent and angle of descent are not affected

Vertical wind shear, airspeed will reduce, rate of descent will increase and angle of descent will steepen

Horizontal wind shear, airspeed will reduce, rate of descent will increase and angle of descent will steepen

#9. An aircraft is flown along a given track allowing for port drift. If no correction is made to the altimeter subscale setting, the altimeter will progressively start to:

Over-read because the aircraft is flying to an area of lower pressure

Under-read because the aircraft is flying to an area of higher pressure

Over-read because the aircraft is flying to an area of higher pressure

Under-read because the aircraft is flying to an area of lower pressure

#10. The passage of a cold front over a station is characterised by:

Decrease in pressure and decreasing temperature before the front, a lower dew point and poor visibility after the front.

Backing of the wind and a drop in temperature at the front, a higher dew point after the front

Steady pressure and decreasing temperature before the front and fair visibility, outside showers and rain, after the front

Decrease in pressure and steady temperature before the front, backing of the wind at the front and good visibility, outside showers, after the front

#11. A general indication of the likelihood of the formation of fog can be best be gained by checking the:

wind speed

cloud cover

relationship between the ambient temperature and dew point

relationship between the environmental temperature lapse rat and relative humidity

#12. In which of the following locations is a Fohn wind most likely to be found:

Westland

Canterbury

Cook Straight

Fiordland

#13. The formation of advection fog requires:

Cold, moist air over a warm surface

Warm, moist air over a warm surface

Cold, moist air over a cold surface

Warm, moist air over a cold surface

#14. Orographic effect could be defined as a:

katabatic wind

geostrophic wind

coriolis effect on the pressure system

airmass uplift due to terrain

#15. When two columns of air have the same sea-level pressure but one column is warm and the other cold, then at any given height:

the pressure is greater in the warm column than in the cold column

the pressure is less in the warm column than in the cold column

pressure lapse rates are equal in both columns

when sea-level pressures are equal in the both columns, different lapse rates cannot occur

#16. An airmass can be described as a large block of air in which

Temperature and dew point are uniform through a deep layer

Temperature and pressure are uniform in the horizontal plane

Moisture content and pressure are uniform in the horizontal plane

Temperature and moisture content are uniform in the horizontal plane

#17. If the wind direction goes from NW to SW and then to N through the shortest arcs then it has:

veered then backed

backed then veered

veered and veered again

backed and backed again

#18. The most common method of formation of cloud is through

Cooling of air when it is transported over cold surfaces

Adiabatic cooling of air when it is made to rise

Mixing of moist air with colder dry air

Adiabatic warming of air when it is made to descend

#19. How many METAR AUTOs are issued a day

12

24

48

Whenever weather falls below a certain criteria

#20. In the southern hemisphere, when an aircraft climbs up out of a dense friction layer, the wind velocity will:

Veer and increase in strength

Back and increase in strength

Veer and decrease in strength

Back and decrease in strength

#21. The term NOSIG appears in a landing (TREND) forecast. What is the meaning of this term in New Zealand?

No significant weather is expected during the two hours following the issue time of the TAF or METAR

No significant change from the reported weather is expected during the next one hour following the issue time of the METAR or TAF

No significant change from the reported weather is expected during the next two hours following the issue time of the METAR or SPECI

No significant weather is expected during the three hours following the issue time of the METAR or SPECI

#22. Complete the following sentence from the options below. In the southern hemisphere the surface wind tends to ……………….. and …………….. at night

decrease, veer

decrease, back

increase, veer

increase, back

#23. The lower atmosphere is heated by:

hot sunrays warming the air through conduction

solar radiation absorbed by the earth, producing conduction and convection

solar radiation absorbed by the earth, re-radiated as short wave terrestial radiation producing conduction and convection

solar radiation before it reached the earths surface

#24. In practice the approximate value used in ISA for temperature lapse rate is:

1.5°C

2.0°C

3.0°C

3.5°C

#25. As a vigorous cold front passes there is usually:

an increase in temperature and a considerable change in wind direction

a decrease in temperature and a considerable change in wind direction

an increase in temperature but no change in wind direction

a decrease in temperature but no change in wind direction

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